Sunday, December 29, 2019

The Ottoman Empire Of Islam - 1350 Words

The Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Turks who initially relocated from Central Asia, rose to control in the late 1300s mid 1400s to pick up administration over a large portion of the Middle East. In 1453 the armed force of Mehmed II, The Conqueror, conveyed their massive siege cannons to the entryway of Constantinople and raged the Christian capital. Subsequent to catching Constantinople in 1453 the Ottomans had built up a genuine domain, contemporary with the Habsburg. The Ottoman was the remainder of the grand extensive empire of Islam, overlying the Abbasid and Seljuk, with some Mongol impact through the Ilkhanids of Persia. The Fall of Constantinople denoted the end of the Middle Ages and the start of another age in Europe. The Spanish and Portuguese Voyage The first countries in Europe to explore the Atlantic would be Portugal and Spain. They both had a lot of sea involvement in the Mediterranean, on account of exchange and long arrangement of maritime wars against the Ottoman Turks. Portuguese and Spanish exploration amid the 1400s and mid 1500s continued in two ways. To start with, the Portuguese endeavored to achieve the grounds of the far east by guiding their way down the shoreline of Africa, adjusting the landmass, and after that sailing across the Indian Ocean to Asia. Second, and meanwhile, the Spanish, rivaling the Portuguese endeavored to locate their own course to Asia by sailing west, around the world. Broadly the Spanish discovered the continents ofShow MoreRelatedIslam, The Ottoman And Safavid Empire1528 Words   |  7 PagesIslam, the Ottoman and Safavid Empire Every empire that has ever been created constantly evolves. They will grow or they will diminish. Many empires cease to exist and some even start over under a different name. Throughout history, faith and religion have been at the core of almost every successful empire. There are a lot of factors that play into their faith. Two of the greatest empires to ever exist were the Ottoman and Safavid Empire. The Ottoman Empire was so large that it spanned from the IranianRead MoreIslam And Its Influence Throughout Prominent Kingdoms1274 Words   |  6 PagesMarsh 13 November 2015 World History, pd. 7 Islam and Its Influence Throughout Prominent Kingdoms Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire, one of the most valiant world powers of its time, received heavy influence from the spread of Islam through Europe and Asia Minor. Culture, military, and politics also held a stranglehold on the Ottoman Empire. Emerging as one of the many Turkish states in Asia Minor from the decline of the Seljuk Turk Empire, the Ottoman Turks began to engulf surrounding states, gainingRead MoreThe Expansion Of Geographic Islam1743 Words   |  7 Pagescommon theme forever expanding empires and crusades. Countless societies flourished through campaigns forged in the name of religion. Examples of empires are the Hapsburg, Roman, and of course the Ottoman. The Ottoman Empire is particularly unique because it was the last great empire to fall. The Ottoman Empire is also special because through its military and geographical conquests it also introduced and spread Islam throughout the world. At one point the Ottoman Empire held territories from the BalkansRead MoreThe Transformation of Islam and Judaism and the Introduction of Mysticism in the Early Modern World1272 Words   |  5 PagesIslam and Judaism were comparable religions both before and after the early modern era. Jews and Muslims believed in the same God and recognized each other’s prophets. Both even denied the resurrection of Jesus, which was a strong bonding factor in a time of impending Christian dominance. During the early modern period, it was not uncommon for Jews and Muslims to interact with one another. Jews even lived in Muslim lands to flee from Christian prosecution and forced conversion. Jews and Muslims,Read MoreDifferences Between The And The Islamic World1446 Words   |  6 Pagesnomads arose who would one day rule over half of the Islamic world. Though the tribes separated, all three of the greatest empires to grace the Islamic world began with Turkic roots. Over the years they developed into distinct cultures of their own, with unique religious interpretations and ideas of leadership. Each founding emperor had a different claim to leadership. The Ottomans of Anatolia relied on their military success, especially the unlikely victory against the Byzantines. The Safavids of IranRead MoreThe Ottoman Empire And Islamic Terrorism1193 Words   |  5 Pages The Ottoman Empire and Islamic Terrorism Florida International University By Melinda Persaud November 7, 2014 Introduction What is known today as modern-day Turkey, was once one of the most powerful empires in the world. They referred to this imperial state as the Ottoman Empire. The Purpose of the empire was to gain land , and spread their Islamic teachings. With this they had created a thirteenth century empire led by Osman, the founder of the Ottoman Empire. Osman surroundedRead MoreWhy the Ottoman Empire Proved to Be the Most Successful and Enduring of the Early-Modern Islamic Empires1636 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Ottoman Empire proved to be the most successful and enduring of the early-modern Islamic empires. From its emergence as an empire in the fourteenth century, the Ottoman Empire conquered and expanded its reign throughout Europe, Asia, and Africa until its fall in the nineteenth century. This essay will examine the driving factors of Ottoman success in its conquest, and the dynasty system and law of the Ottomans which, arguably, was a core ingredient in the enduring reign of the Ottoman EmpireRead MoreHow Did The Ottoman Empire Differ From Earlier And The Middle East?1247 Words   |  5 Pages02/28/2016 Mid-Term How did the Ottoman Empire differ from earlier Islamic empires in the Middle East? The Ottoman Empire, or Ottoman Turkish, was one of the longest in history, having gone through the whole modern era and only come to an end with the end of World War I in 1918. The event that is commonly taken by historians as the inaugurator of the Modern age is the fall of Constantinople, the center of the Byzantine Empire, and was triggered by the Turkish-Ottoman. Also, you certainly heard aboutRead MoreEssay on The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires869 Words   |  4 PagesThe Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal societies all relied on bureaucracies that drew inspiration from the steppe traditions of Turkish and Mogol people and from the heritage of Islam, they adopted similar policies, they looked for ways to keep peace in their societies which were made up of different religious and ethnic backgrounds, and they were associated with literary and artistic talents. Military and religious factors gave rise to all three of these empires. The Ottoman Empire: The OttomanRead MoreThe Ottoman Empire And Islamic Terrorism1345 Words   |  6 Pages Topical Essay 1 The Ottoman Empire and Islamic Terrorism Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Global Terrorism Florida International University By Melinda J. Persaud November 7, 2014 Introduction What is known today as modern-day Turkey, was once one of the most powerful empires in the world. They referred to this imperial state as the Ottoman Empire. The Purpose of the empire was to expand their territory, and spread their Islamic teachings. With this

Saturday, December 21, 2019

A Son Of The Forest - 892 Words

William Apess broke the mold by writing this autobiography titled A Son of the Forest in 1829, considering it was not a common literary form for his time. Apess also set the bar as the earliest autobiography written and published by a Native American. Throughout the piece we learn his highs and lows, the prejudices he encountered, his different jobs, and his ordainment and success as a minister. Apess was child of a mixed-race shoemaker, and a slave/indentured servant. While he was young his parents split and Apess and his siblings were left in the care of their grandparents. Apess describes his life with grandparents to be awful. He writes that when his grandparents are under the influence of liquor that they would fight and at times would turn on him and his siblings and beat them â€Å"in the most cruel manner† (Apess, 5). At one point he writes that his grandmother comes home intoxicated after being out â€Å"amongst the whites† and beat him severely. Later he says that the reason for her conduct was caused by something, â€Å"I attribute it in a great measure to the whites†. Even though he did not like the whites, Mr. Furman was a white neighbor who gave he and his siblings milk when they were hungry and also attended to his broken arm after his being pushed down the stairs. Apess himself even calls Mr. Furman a good man (60). Although Apess holds somewhat of a grudge against the white man, his autobiography serves as an honest look into the life of a typical Native American in theShow MoreRelatedDifferences In William Apesss Son Of The Forest1055 Words   |  5 Pages1. One of the differences in William Apess’s â€Å"Son of the Forest† is the perspective of the writer. Apess was Native American born, whereas other writers we have encountered were European usually of English or Spanish descent. Additionally, Apess is a Christian Indian, his father being of mixed heritage and his mother of the tribe having not a single drop of the white man’s blood (Apess B: 131). Apess was a member of the oppressed Group, even though their numbers (ratio of skins of color to whiteRead MoreConservation vs. Preservation894 Words   |  4 PagesDear Editor, I am writing to you in regard to the Bridger -Teton National Forest. It is â€Å"the largest intact ecosystem in the lower 48 United States. Offering nearly 1.2 million acres of designated Wilderness, over 3,000 miles of road and trail and thousands of miles of unspoiled rivers and streams.† (USDA Forest Service) I am appealing to you as a conservationist. I believe that the natural resources of the forest can be of great help to us. As we experience this oil and gas crisis in the USRead MoreThe Legend of the Woodsmen in Eerie Grove1176 Words   |  5 Pages Few people used to believe in the legend of the Woodsmen. People only began believing once townsfolk began disappearing in the night. The story begins in 1864 with a settler family, named Lurch, buying land in a forest too old to have a name, only fearfully being called Twisted Tree Thicket by people living nearby. The Lurch family never believed in ghosts, spirits, zombies, or any other manner of supernatural nonsense. What they did believe in, however, was the surprisingly small priceRead MoreThe Epic Of The Ramayana1443 Words   |  6 Pagesthe capital of Kosala kingdom, sometimes mentioned to as raghuvansham The storystarts just before his birth and ends after his death when his two sons ascend to power. Dashrath who was the Father of Rama and the the king of kosala, who believed in god and the god had given him strong power to fight against their enemies. He had three queens and four sons named Rama, Lakshaman and Shatrugan (twins), and Bhart. Rama, being the eldest, is being turned-out as the future king. All the brothers were veryRead MoreNatasha Schuyler. Mr. Ortiz. English 12. 27 February 2017.Macbeth1329 Words   |  6 Pagessome major plot points are completely different. The film Throne of Blood and the play Macbeth differ in the events of Asaji’s pregnancy and Lady Macbeth’s lack thereof, the roles of Macduff and Noriyasu, the prophecies of the three witches and the forest spirit, and the deaths of Macbeth and Washizu. The character of Lady Macbeth in Macbeth is compared to the character of Asaji in Throne of Blood. Lady Macbeth and Asaji are very similar characters. Both are extremely ambitious, cunning, and ruthlessRead MorePersonal Essay On The Light In The Forest743 Words   |  3 Pagestimes. In The Light in the Forest, Mary Jemison’s personal narrative, and from my personal experience, there are many situations when your family never leaves your side, stands up for you, and believes in you! In The Light in the Forest, True Son’s Indian family never leaves his side. When True Son comes back from the village, he still shows his love towards his family and runs away from his birth family to be with them. True Son doesn’t want to leave them. â€Å"True Son looked at [his younger sister]Read MoreWebsite Review: www.ADHDScam.com666 Words   |  3 Pagesabout the scam surrounding school officials telling parents their children may have ADHD and need to be put on medication to control the symptoms. The author and webmaster of the site, Forest Cunningham Sr., created his website, www.ADHDScam.com, in 2009, after the failed attempt by his son’s school to diagnose Forest Jr. with ADHD. The boy went through the first six months of school without any mention of problems, and he was earning straight A’s. Then, one day, he was sent home with a note statingRead MoreChinua Achebe s Things Fall Apart1613 Words   |  7 Pagesthe community. Though the reader sees Okonkwo as a tough, brave man in the society; deep down Okonkwo cares for children. An example of Okonkwo’s caring attributes would be when he regrets not doing anything while hearing the twins cry in the Evil Forest, his depressed state post-killing Ikemefuna and when the Oracle calls for Ezinma. In Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, the reader is introduced to the protagonist of the novel named Okonkwo. Throughout the novel, the reader comes to realize thatRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Hallow 994 Words   |  4 Pagesthat has just relocated – with his wife, Claire (Bojana Novakovic), and newborn son, to a small Irish town next to a thought-to-be haunted forest. While examining the forest, Adam discovers a tar-like black substance that appears to be symbiotic at the molecular level. In the meantime, and against the behest of his neighbor, Colm Donnelly (Michael McEdlhatton), Adam ignores the folk tale of horrors about the dark forest that runs rampant through the town – at least until the creatures, seemingly fueledRead MoreThe The Butter Thief Of Swami Ramsvarup And From The Textbook World Religions1300 Words   |  6 Pagesdharma of being a son and teaches selflessness when he obeys his parents to sacrifice the crown of the king and the decision of being exiled. Initially, Rama’s father Dasaratha wanted to crown Rama as the king of his kingdom (Narayan 34). After Rama’s stepmother, Kaikeyi, finds out she is angry that her husband chose Rama over her son Bharatha (Narayan 41). She decides to take advantage of Dasaratha and forces him to let Bharatha become the king and have Rama exiled to the forest for fourteen yea rs

Friday, December 13, 2019

The evolutionary anatomy Free Essays

string(595) " rotator of the leg \) Plantaris Muscles that act at the mortise joint \( talotibial \) articulation: Tibialis front tooth \( dorsiflexion \) Extensor hallucis longus \( dorsiflexion \) Extensor digitorum longus \( dorsiflexion \) Peroneus tertius \( dorsiflexion \) Peroneus longus and brevis \( plantar flexure \) Gastrocnemius \( plantar flexure \) Soleus \( plantar flexure \) Plantaris \( plantar flexure \) Flexor digitorum longus \( plantar flexor \) Tibialis buttocks \( plantar flexor \) Dodo records: Australopithecus afarensis: The shinbone and the calf bone are rather interesting\." A, Differences between the hip skeleton and muscular structure of two-footed hominid and four-footed apes. Troy Worlds: Reduced tallness, comparative broadness ( it is of import in two-footed position, because the weight of the organic structure does non concentrate onto the spinal cord merely ) . Orientation of blade ( the curvature and the mediolateral orientation of the iliac blades help the Glutei medius and minimi to move as kidnappers and they can besides help in support of the bole. We will write a custom essay sample on The evolutionary anatomy or any similar topic only for you Order Now This curving form besides helps in equilibrating the upper organic structure during motive power, because the external and internal oblique musculuss attach to the iliac crest ) . Acetabular border and the well-developed anterior inferior iliac spinal column ( AIIS ) reflects the two-footed motive power. Rectus femoris takes its beginning here, that extends the leg at the articulatio genus. Rectus femur is really of import in some of the spring and clinging prosimians, as the bushbaby and lemurs, because Rectus femur is a leaping musculus in them. However, in apes, there is no big AIIS. AIIS is besides a topographic point for the iliofemoral ligament in worlds that prevents the hip articulation from overstraining. Apes: There is no S-shaped curve visible at the iliac crest and the crest undertakings laterally. Therefore, the iliac pit Easts anteriorly and the gluteal surface undertakings posteriorly. This orientation keeps the bole in an unsloped place during sitting or crouching. In instance if they want to walk bipedally, the Glutei medius and minumi musculuss medially rotate the flexed thigh at the hip – while in worlds they abduct the drawn-out thigh. The long iliac crest is an version to mounting. Latissimus dorsi beginnings from here and inserts into the humerus. Because this is one of the most of import climbing-muscles, the longer the iliac crest is, the better assistance is in mounting. The otic surface and the iliac tubercle are smaller in apes. It is chiefly because of the fact that their weight does non concentrate on their pelvic part and lower limbs ( hind limbs ) . Ischium Worlds: Ischial tubercle is an fond regard for the hamstring musculuss ( Biceps femoris, Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus and Adductor magnus hamstring portion ) . At a superior force per unit area during the two-footed position, the posterior portion of the sacrum elevates, and pulls upwards the ischial tubercle. The ischial tubercle – which is located merely below the great sciatic notch – reflects the bipedalism. Apes: Long ischial bone. The ischial tubercle is wider in apes than it is in worlds and it does non look so â€Å" pulled-up † in apes. The ischial tubercle lacks the aspects for the hamstring and adductor musculuss. Pubis Worlds: Pubic crest and pubic tubercle are of import in two-footed motive power every bit good, because the pubic crest serves as an fond regard for Rectus abdominis that supports the backbones and pubic tubercle is associated with the inguinal ligament, which helps in back uping the bole. The iliopubic distinction is the splitter of the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine ( ASIS ) and the AIIS. Here takes topographic point the iliopsoas musculus that helps in flexing the hip and back uping the upper organic structure on the hip articulation. Apes: Apes lack all these human features at the pubic bone: they do non hold a pubic crest nor tubercle, and because their pelvis East otherwise, their ilipsoas channel and iliopubic distinction are losing. The pubic symphysis in apes are normally fuses together, while it merely seldom happens in worlds. Acetabulum Worlds: The orientation of the cotyloid cavity is inferior-lateral-anterior. The superior border of cotyloid cavity must get by with the biggest weight/pressure, it developed a really thick gristle, so did the caput of the thighbone. This is called laubrum. Very strong, Z-shaped, ligaments are present here. The deepness of the cotyloid cavity can state us a batch about the mobility of the hip articulation. If the cotyloid cavity is shallow, it reflects more flexibleness. The cotyloid cavity in worlds is shallow compared to many of the African apes ( but Pan troglodytess ) , but it is deep compared to the orang-utans. Apes: The ligaments are weaker than in worlds. Sacrum, tail bone Worlds: The human sacrum contains five amalgamate vertebrae averagely. However, it can be varied between four and six. The tail bone stands from four amalgamate vertebrae, normally. The sacrum in worlds is wider than in apes and it is non so long as an ape sacrum. This alone form is really typical sing to bipedalism. The wider sacrum means more distance between the sacroiliac articulation, which helps in reassigning the weight and the force per unit area from pubic symphysis. A wider distance at this articulation besides means a larger birth-canal. Apes: In apes and tamper the figure of the amalgamate vertebrae of the sacrum and tail bone may change from species to species. The form of the sacrum is non so broad and more extended. It reveals that they do non back up so immense weight on their pelvic part as do the worlds. Femur Worlds: The human thighbone is longer than that of an ape. The sidelong condyle in worlds is more outstanding. The bicondylar surface is larger in worlds than in apes. It is because of the Centre of gravitation of the organic structure. Apes: Medial condyle is larger in apes. More flexibleness at the hip articulation. B, Actions of musculuss at the articulatio genus and ankle articulations during two-footed motive power. Observed characteristics in hereditary hominid dodos. Extensor muscles of the leg at the articulatio genus articulation: Tensor facia latae Quadricepss femoris musculuss ( Rectus femoris, Vasti lateralis, medialis, intermedius ) Flexor muscles of the leg at the articulatio genus articulation: Sartorius Gracilis ( besides can help in median rotary motion ) Hamstringing musculuss ( Biceps femoris { it is besides the sidelong rotator of the articulatio genus articulation } , Semimembranosus, Semitendenosus { they besides medially revolve the articulatio genus articulation when the leg is flexed } Gastrocnemius Popliteus ( weak flexor, but it is a median rotator of the leg ) Plantaris Muscles that act at the mortise joint ( talotibial ) articulation: Tibialis front tooth ( dorsiflexion ) Extensor hallucis longus ( dorsiflexion ) Extensor digitorum longus ( dorsiflexion ) Peroneus tertius ( dorsiflexion ) Peroneus longus and brevis ( plantar flexure ) Gastrocnemius ( plantar flexure ) Soleus ( plantar flexure ) Plantaris ( plantar flexure ) Flexor digitorum longus ( plantar flexor ) Tibialis buttocks ( plantar flexor ) Dodo records: Australopithecus afarensis: The shinbone and the calf bone are rather interesting. We can detect versions to both arboreal and two-footed marks. This is called Mosaic morphology. The examined specimens: AL 129-1b, AL 288-1aq and AL 333x-26 ) . Ape-like elements: short boundary line to the sidelong condyle, in the first two specimens, there are characteristics that general in the apes ( under the epicedial there was the â€Å" hollowed-out visual aspect † ) which means that the Tibialis buttocks attached to the sidelong side of the tibia alternatively of the posterior side. Other fond regards – such as semimembranosus and gracilis are besides instead ape-like. However, other A. afarensis specimens show two-footed features: Distal articulation surface of the shinbone ( the angle of the mortise joint articulation and the shinbone and calf bone ) . But, yet once more, there are ape-like characteristics besides on the distal portion of calf bone: the way of the articular aspect, ( Easts distally instead than medially as in the modern worlds ) , they have an anteriorly oriented peroneal channel on their calf bone while it faces laterally in modern worlds. The A. afarensis Lucy ( AL 288-1 ) besides owns these Mosaic morphological characteristics: the posteriorly oriented distal tibial angle shows similarities with the apes, while in other afarensis specimens the angle is sidelong, which is a human characteristic. The transporting angle at the articulatio genus articulation besides shows more similarities to the modern human specimens. This can uncover an single arboreal wont of Lucy, and a more developed bipedalism in the other specimens. Homosexual habilis: The H. habilis specimens do non do so many statements than the australopithecines. They have more human like characteristics in their lower legs and less ape-like characteristics. Although, they do non miss these characteristics ( rounded anterior boundary line of the shinbone, in worlds the interpolation country of the Flexor digitorum longus is bigger than that of the tibialis posterior – it is rather the antonym in the habilis. The fond regards of other musculuss – soleus, popliteus – show kind of a passage between apes and worlds, etc. ) . The Neandertal mans: The calf bone and the shinbone are really robust, but bear the human features. Q2, Evolution of the early hominid pes The chief features of the human pes include the presence of the arches, the calcaneocuboid articulation, the proportions of the major parts of the pes, the form of the ankle-joint and the fact that the big toe can non be opposed. The arches in pes are rather alone, the apes do non hold arches ( they have merely one arch, the transverse arch ) . In worlds, apart from the plantar aponeurosis, there are other ligaments that aid in holding these arches: the spring ligament, the short plantar ligament and the long plantar ligament. The length of the distal figures of the toes are much shorter in worlds than in apes, nevertheless, the size of the large toe is about the same. The pes of Australopithecus afarensis, such as in the leg, shows Mosaic morphology. It means that certain characteristics are similar to the modern worlds, while others portion similarities with the apes. The human-like morphology: the scree – which besides has both human and ape features – together with the shinbone and calf bone, shows a more human like articulation at the talotibia. Although, the form of the scree is instead ape-like. Other marks that reveal a more human visual aspect in the afarensis pes are the talar trochlear form, the way of the ankle articulation ‘s axis and of the Flexor hallucis longus ‘s channel which suggest that the motions of the afarensis were really similar to those of the modern worlds. The form of the 5th metatarsals reveal a really similar ability of dorsiflexion as it is present in modern worlds. Their scaphoid castanetss in visual aspect are more ape-like, but the presence of the channel of the spring ligament proves that they might hold similar arches than the modern worlds have. The possibility of the two-footed motive power can be traced down besides by the human-like sidelong cuneiform, although, its hook makes it look more ape like. However, the ape-like curves of the phalanges suggest that they might be arborical. The chalky besides have both human and ape like characteristics, the median cuneiform is instead ape like, so is the first metatarsal ‘s rounded caput. The pes of Paranthropus robostus has several human-like features. These characteristics are the undermentioned: the big toe likely was adducted unlike in the apes where the large toe is instead abducted, the plantar ligaments suggest similarities to the human pes, the first metatarsal suggests that it bore more weight than the apes because of its robust visual aspect, but other characteristics on the first metatarsal bone reveal ape-like characteristics, excessively. Harmonizing to the article of Susman and Brain ( 1988, mentioned in Aiello and Dean ) , it is really likely that the Paranthropus robostus was two-footed but in a different manner than the modern worlds. The pes of the Homo habilis: The biggest statement is caused by the tarsal castanetss of a immature Homo habilis ( OH 8 from Olduvai Gorge ) , because some research workers do non believe that the human features of this specimen ‘s pes castanetss are good plenty to be classified as worlds. The elements of the pes show the marks of the bipedalism – even those agree with this who do non believe that this specimen deserves to be included into the Homo genus – but, possibly, in a wholly different manner as it is seen in the modern worlds. Another scree bone, the KNM-ER 813 from Koobi Fora, has less jobs with its categorizations, as it shows more similarities to the scree of the modern worlds. The first metatarsal is the most robust, and the 5th metatarsal bone of the OH 8 is the 2nd, while in apes the 5th metatarsal bone is the weakest. The size of the pes length of the OH 8 is besides more similar to the construction of the human pes. The dodo record suggests that the opposability of the large toe of OH 8 is non present, but the adduction of it can be observed. The ability of grasping is besides really likely, though. The pes of the Neandertal mans: Interestingly, the groundss reveal that the opposability of the large toe might be someplace between the modern worlds and the life apes. Others deny it, because of the more human features in the tarsometatarsal articulation, which can be varied on a great graduated table even in modern worlds. Typical Neanderthal characteristics are the short proximal phalanx of the large toe and the short cervix of the scree. The possible marks of the bipedalism in the fossil groundss: Apart from the castanetss of the pes other skeletal remains can uncover the erected organic structure position and the possible bipedal walking wonts. A comparative longer arm may be a mark of the arborical life-style, or partially arborical life fortunes. However, Lucy has comparatively short fingers, non ape-like, long 1s ( JOHANSON-EDEY 1990 ) The form of shoulder blade and the orientation of the glenoid pit besides can assist to reply this inquiry. A little fragment of an Australopithecus afarensis shoulder blade suggests that its proprietor had a more ape-like in this inquiry, than human like. In apes the glenoid pit faces towards the braincase and this characteristic can be observed besides in instance of this fragment. A more complete shoulder blade – which derives from an A. africanus ( Sts 7 ) – can state us more inside informations about the possible maps of the thoracic girdle. This scapula looks really similar to the scapula fragment of the afarensis specime n ( AL 288-1l ) , and they both bear more similarities to the thoracic girdle of the apes, particularly to the orang-utans. The ribcage has more ape-like features in its visual aspect. The form of the vertebral column, nevertheless, widens distally ( the lumbar vertebrae are the widest ) as it appears in worlds, which is another possible mark of the two-footed motive power. The pelvic girdle shows more groundss for the mosaic morphology yet once more. The iliac crest is instead human-like, although it is more extended laterally and the cotyloid cavity orients more anteriorly. Possibly this is the ground why A. afarensis has a comparatively really long femoral cervix. The iliac blades direct interiorly, as good. The form of the sacrum is really broad – another human-like mark, nevertheless its posterior section is non as curved anteriorly as it is in the modern worlds. Harmonizing to Johanson ( JOHANSON-EDEY 1990 ) , Lucy ‘s pelvic girdle is adapted to the two-footed motive power every bit good as to the possibility to give life to large-headed babes, as her pelvic girdle is so broad. All these characteristics make likely that the A. afarensis could walk bipedally, but in a more complicated manner. The anteriorly faced cotyloid cavity could ensue a really heavy bipedalism. On the femoral caput, we can detect a stronger fovea than it is on the femoral caput of the modern homo. In quadrupeds the tibial tubercle is more rounded and less crisp. The â€Å" acuteness † of the tibial tubercle is a more human ( or bipedal ) feature. This acuteness can be observed in Lucy, although her tibia looks more robust compared to the really tall juvenile, the Turkana male child ( H. erectus ) . In proximal thighbone of the Australopithecines, there are about the same figure of similarities to worlds ( the varied presence of the intertrochanteric line and the Obturator externus channel ) than to Pan troglodytess ( the little femoral caput and the non-flaring greater trochanter ) and the alone characteristics ( long femoral cervix, compressed femoral neck-cross subdivision ) , the more similarities to worlds in the inquiry of the distal thighbone ( the high/very high bicondylar angle, the egg-shaped shaped sidelong epicedial profile ) , and its ain alone phenomena in the epiphysis form and symmetricalness, but the femoral shaft ‘s more similarity to the Pan troglodytess gives us a really eclectic feeling about the possible motive power of the Australopithecines. As I wrote in the 1B inquiry, the pes of the Australopithecines show really varied image every bit good. It reveals both human and ape like characteristics – such as about everything else in the Australopithecus skeleton. The more human like elements of the pes include the human-like mortise joint articulation, the ability of a better dorsiflexion, the expanded base of the 5th metatarsal, the broad heelbone and the presence of the longitudinal arch. On the other manus, there are several ape-like features, like the form of the phalanges, the tubercle of the calcaneous has an egg-shaped orientation, besides has a immense peroneal tubercle, the already mentioned ape-like form of the â€Å" hook † of the sidelong cuneiform bone, and the rounded caput of the first metatarsal. Summarizing, the mosaic morphology in the Australopithecines are really strongly present, they portion similarities to the worlds, every bit good as to the apes, but they besides developed ain characteristics. It is really likely that they were adapted to the two-footed motive power, but non in a modern human manner. The essay has been written by utilizing the undermentioned books as a guide-line: Aiello and Dean, 2006: An Introduction To Human Evolutionary Anatomy, reprinted in 2006, Elsevier Academic Press, London The stuffs during the Demo-sessions And JOHANSON-EDEY, 1990: Lucy – The Beginnings of Humankind, Penguin Books, London, 1990. How to cite The evolutionary anatomy, Essay examples

Thursday, December 5, 2019

Westjet Case Analysis free essay sample

Table of Contents Executive Summaryi Table of Contents1 About WestJet1 Market Share2 Domestic2 International3 Market Position and SWOT Analysis5 WestJet Key Financial Ratios7 Accounting, Finance, Legal and Environmental Issues8 Shareholders and Company Ownership8 Accounting Policy and Internal Control9 Legal9 Environmental 11 Investor Recommendations12 Bibliography13 THE COMPANY AND ITS POSITION IN THE MARKET Competitive Landscape Markets where WestJet competes: †¢Airlines †¢Consumer Services †¢Travel Agencies Services †¢Transportation Services †¢Air Cargo Services Direct competitors †¢Air Canada †¢Air Transat †¢Porter Air Central Mountain Air Key Financial Data 201020092008 Profit margin5. 24%9. 23%11. 48% Return on Equity8. 59%15. 16%27. 21% Debt/Total Assets0. 580. 600. 67 Book value$ 10. 54$ 10. 01$ 8. 28 About WestJet WestJet is a Canadian low-cost airline, publicly traded on the Toronto Stock Exchange – (TSX: WJA). Founded in 1996 , it currently is the second largest carrier in Canada, next to Air Canada. WestJet operates in 70 cities across North America, Mexico and the Caribbean and employs over 8000 employees and is non-unionized. The WestJet head office and main hub is located in Calgary, the other main hub being Toronto Pearson Airport. We will write a custom essay sample on Westjet Case Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The airline operates an average of 420 flights and carries 40000 passengers per day. WestJets fleet consists exclusively of Boeing 737s, following the single operating type model pioneered by Southwest Airlines. In 2010 the carrier’s fleet consisted of 91 aircraft. WestJet has maintained a constant focus on customer service, providing low fares, and always-on-time service, allowing them to take a leading position in the Canadian airline industry. Market Share Domestic FIGURE 1 SOURCE: DATA FROM BRENT JANG, WESTJET CLOSING THE GAP WITH AIR CANADA, THE GLOBE AND MAIL REPORT ON BUSINESS, FEBRUARY 18,2010, HTTP://WWW. THEGLOBEANDMAIL. COM/REPORT-ON-BUSINESS/WESTJET-CLOSING-GAP-WITH-AIR-CANADA/ARTICLE1472230/ WestJet’s 2009 domestic market share is 38% which they plan to increase to 45% by 2014. Their current strategy is to increase market share each year steadily by 1%-2%, to which they have been very successful – from 2000 to 2010 WestJet’s market share grew from 7% to 38%. International FIGURE 2 SOURCE: DATA FROM BRENT JANG, WESTJET CLOSING THE GAP WITH AIR CANADA, THE GLOBE AND MAIL REPORT ON BUSINESS, HTTP://WWW. THEGLOBEANDMAIL. COM/REPORT-ON-BUSINESS/WESTJET-CLOSING-GAP-WITH-AIR-CANADA/ARTICLE1472230/ As of December 2010, WestJet had a 15% market share in the Mexico/ Caribbean market and 13% in the trans-border market. International cont’d FIGURE 3 SOURCE: DATA FROM BRENT JANG, WESTJET CLOSING THE GAP WITH AIR CANADA, THE GLOBE AND MAIL REPORT ON BUSINESS, HTTP://WWW. THEGLOBEANDMAIL. COM/REPORT-ON-BUSINESS/WESTJET-CLOSING-GAP-WITH-AIR-CANADA/ARTICLE1472230/ ? Market Position and SWOT Analysis WestJet has positioned itself as no frills airline company offering which offers lower rates and better service than its competitors. When WestJet started operations their plan was to target families who travelled by car. Once WestJet had established its target market, it worked on enhancing customer service to these customers without increasing fares. WestJet markets itself as being different than its competitors. Using its unique slogans such as â€Å"Owners Care† and â€Å"I Care-Antee it†, Westjet enhances the positive image of its corporate culture. WestJet actively markets its staff as â€Å"WestJetters†, with 84% of the WestJet’s eligible employees owning shares in the company . WestJet has also been the awarded the title â€Å"Canada’s Most Admired Corporate Culture† by Waterstone Human Capital for four years . WestJet Vacations, started in 2004, is now a leader in the vacation package industry. It is #1 hotel room provider in Las Vegas, and is continuously growing in the US, Mexico and Caribbean marketplace. [SOURCE ] Recently, Westjet has been expanding the reach of their market by entering into strategic code-sharing agreements with international carriers, such as Cathay Pacific , and American Airlines ? StrengthsWeaknesses †¢Current strategic plan built on four pillars oPeople and Culture oGuest Experience oRevenue and Growth oCosts †¢Canadian based airline, support of Canadians †¢Newer, more comfortable airplanes Numerous code-sharing partnerships †¢Vertical integration with WestJet Vacations†¢Aggressive expansion in extremely competitive international market †¢Canadian based airline may find it hard to find strong support from US and International customers †¢Limited number of markets, many markets are seasonal †¢Customers loyalty may be limited to fares and seat sales OpportunitiesThreats †¢Continual expansion in local market share †¢Continual expansion of code-sharing agreements †¢Expansion of WestJet Vacations to preferred vacation destinations †¢Code-sharing opportunities with Asian carriers and other International carriers New entrants with a similar business model †¢Volatile fuel costs and changes in interest and exchange rates †¢Weather conditions †¢Acts of terrorism †¢Changes in airline legislation and labor laws TABLE 2 SOURCE: ? WestJet Key Financial Ratios 5-year Financial Ratios 2010 2009 200820072006 Profit Margin 5%9%11%14%9% Return on equity 9%15%27%4. 85%4. 89% Debt/Total Assets 0. 580. 600. 670. 200. 17 Interest coverage 3. 272. 023. 353. 152. 34 Price earnings ratio 15. 1916. 749. 44 8. 0515. 49 Book value $10. 55$10. 01$8. 28$3. 42$2. 79 Price to book ratio 1. 351. 241. 583. 514. 89 Table source: Westjet Annual Financial Reports WestJet shows strong overall strength in their financial performance. â€Å"WestJet announced the initiation of a quarterly dividend program in November 2010. The first payment of $0. 05 per common voting share and variable voting share is payable on January 21, 2011 to shareholders on record on December 15, 2010. † WestJet Traffic Statistics YearLoad FactorASM (billions)RPM (billions) 201079. 90%19. 53515. 613 200978. 70%17. 58813. 835 200880. 10%17. 1413. 731 ? Accounting, Finance, Legal and Environmental Issues Shareholders and Company Ownership WestJet shares are comprised of 75% common shares and 25% variable shares. Under the provisions of the Canada Transportation Act, WestJet must be controlled by Canadians. To ensure this the common shares must be owned by Canadians. The variable shares may be owned by non-Canadians. The Company was founded in 1996 by Clive Beddoe and a team of fellow entrepreneurs. In July 1999 the airline went public offering 1. 5million shares @ $10 starting notice. Clive continues to lead WestJet as founding Shareholder and chairman of the board of directors. The President and CEO is Gregg Saretsky, recently taking over the role from Sean Durfy who stepped down for personal reasons in 2009. Gregg was appointed as CEO in April 2010 and had previously been VP of WestJet vacations with over 30 years of aviation experience. The other members of the executive are: †¢Vito Clone, Executive VP, Finance, CFO †¢Bob Cummings, Executive VP, Marketing and Sales †¢Hugh Dunleavy, Executive VP, Strategy and Planning †¢Ferio Pugiese, Executive VP, People and Culture WestJet prides itself in being over 80% employee owned and offers several employee profit sharing and share plans. The risk of this type of ownership position is that should company profits fall, the employees may pursue union representation. Part of the uniqueness of the company is that it is non-union and this move away from the employees as owner could impact the company significantly. Accounting Policy and Internal Control During the latter half of 2010, WestJet implemented a new Human Resource Information System (HRIS). This new platform software combines the majority of human resource and payroll into two new components in their current ERP software. In October of 2009, WestJet also took on a major upgrade to their outdated reservation system, to a new system called SabreSonic. Almost immediately, WestJet encountered major problems. This in turn resulted in increasingly high call center volumes, upset customers, and a significant amount of resources to resolve this issue. WestJet had to also push back several important planned frequent flyer programs and code-sharing plans. â€Å"On February 13, 2008, the Accounting Standards Board (AcSB) confirmed that the changeover to IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards) from Canadian GAAP will be required for publicly accountable enterprises from interim and annual financial statements, effective for fiscal years beginning on or after January 1, 2011† Legal There have been two lawsuits of note against WestJet in the last decade . The litigants were competitors Air Canada and Jetsgo. The more famous of the two is a corporate espionage lawsuit that was filed against WestJet back in April of 2004. WestJet was accused of hacking into Air Canada`s employee website to retrieve confidential information. The result of this $200 million law suit was WestJet settled and agreed pay a $5. 5 million settlement and donated $10 million to children`s charities in both of the airlines names. WestJet also announced a public apology to Air Canada and accepted all wrong doing. ? Environmental Since 2001, WestJet has spent over $2 billion in upgrading their fleet to the more fuel efficient Next-Generation Boeing 737-series aircrafts. The airline was the first to adopt Required Navigation Performance (RNP) to land their aircraft. RNP shortens airtime and reduces fuel burn and emissions. They have constructed a new Calgary Campus which was designed in accordance with the Leadership in Energy and Environment Design (LEED) Green Building System. Though the airline industry in as a whole has promised to reduce carbon emissions over the next 20 years, the Aviation Environment Summit (A) found that aviation emissions have accounted for 2 percent of the overall global fossil fuel CO2 emissions in 2005, this number has also been predicted to increase to 3 percent by 2050. The aviation industry faces a larger more propionate problem, as each commercial aircraft fly’s in the upper atmosphere their water vapour contrails from their engines could produce climate variance at a rate that is disproportionate to the overall greenhouse-gas contribution. To simplify this theory, water vapour contrails can increase cirrus-cloud coverage on days that are clear by as much as 30%. Investor Recommendations Our review of WestJet is a company that has no doubt survived one of the largest recessions in our lifetime, rising fuel prices, and corporate espionage case with its largest competitor. Yet, in its resiliency, under new leadership from Gregg Saretsky, the company foreseeable future is that of success. A simple business model based on strong corporate culture, exceptional guest service, and keeping costs low while offering high value . We see promise in WestJet’s management direction to increase airline partnership and to expand their global reach. It is also important that we recognize, WestJet management acknowledging and taking full responsibility for their reservation system blunder in 2009. We trust that senior management will provide full transparency to its guests, employees, and shareholders for any future milestones or changes. With an industry that has significant external controlling factors, we see a major success and accomplishment in WestJet’s 15 years of operation with producing 55 out of 7 profitable quarters. More importantly, we would like to highlight the company’s Return on Equity which is 9% compared to its closest competitor Air Canada at 9%. It is also very impressive with the amount of capital expenditures and operating expenses that WestJet is able to keep a profit margin of 5% compared to Air Canada’s 1%. Value for WestJet is justified by assessing the companyâ €™s strong corporate culture, high brand equity, simple low cost business model, and proven success. It is our recommendation that WestJet be considered a strong candidate for investment. Bibliography Jang Brent, WestJet Closing the Gap with Air Canada, The Globe and Mail report on business, February,18,2010, http://www. theglobeandmail. com/report-on-business/westjet-closing-gap-with-air-canada/article1472230/ Kjelgaard Chris, â€Å"Flying Friendly: Aviation’s Environmental Challenge,† SPACE. com, August 23,2007,http://www. space. com/4160-flying-friendly-aviation-environmental-challenge. html Waterstone Human Capital, †About Canada’s 10† Waterstone HC Website, http://www. waterstonehc. com/cmac/about-canadas-10/10-most-admired-corporate-cultures-2005-2010 WestJet Airlines Ltd. , †Investor Media-Backgrounder,† WestJet Airlines Company Website, http://www. westjet. com/pdf/investorMedia/westjetBackgrounder. pdf Source:[WestJet Competition-Industries where WestJet Airlines Ltd. Competes],via Hoover,Inc. http://www. hoovers. com/company/WestJet_Airlines_Ltd/rffxrci-1-1njea3. html WestJet Airlines Ltd. , †Investor Fact Sheet,† WestJet Airlines Company Website, http://www. westjet. com/pdf/investorMedia/investorFactSheet. pdf WestJet Airlines Ltd. , †Media and Investors Relations-Stock Information†,

Thursday, November 28, 2019

Term free essay sample

ANS:T A contribution of property to a partnership followed by a distribution soon thereafter may be recharacterized as a disguised sale of the property by the partner to the partnership. A disguised sale does not receive tax-deferred treatment under  § 721. PTS:1REF:p. 21-10 3. Jim and Nancy formed an equal partnership on June 1 of the current year. Jim contributed $10,000 cash and land with a basis of $8,000 and a fair market value of $6,000. Nancy contributed equipment with a basis of $14,000 and a value of $16,000. Nancy’s tax basis in her interest is $14,000; Jim’s tax basis is $18,000. ANS:T Jim’s basis includes the $8,000 substituted basis for the contributed land plus $10,000 cash, for a total of $18,000. Nancy’s basis is $14,000, a substituted basis from the contributed equipment. PTS:1REF:Example 7 | Example 14 4. Rachel and Barry formed the equal RB Partnership during the current year, with Rachel contributing $100,000 in cash and Barry contributing land (basis of $60,000, fair market value of $80,000) and equipment (basis of $0, fair market value of ,000). We will write a custom essay sample on Term or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Barry recognizes a $40,000 gain on the contribution and his basis in his partnership interest is $100,000. ANS:F Under  § 721, neither the partnership nor a partner will generally recognize gain or loss on contribution of property to a partnership. Barry’s substituted basis in his partnership interest is his $60,000 basis in the assets contributed ($60,000 basis in land plus $0 basis in equipment). PTS:1REF: Example 8 | Example 9 5. John and Ken formed the equal JK Partnership during the current year, with John contributing $50,000 in cash and Ken contributing land (basis of $30,000, fair market value of $20,000) and equipment (basis of $0, fair market value of $30,000). Ken recognizes no gain or loss on the contribution and his basis in his partnership interest is $30,000. ANS:T Under  § 721, neither the partnership nor a partner will generally recognize gain or loss on contribution of property to a partnership. Ken’s basis in his partnership interest is the $30,000 basis in the assets contributed ($30,000 basis in land plus $0 basis in equipment). PTS:1REF: Example 8 | Example 9 6. Julie is a real estate developer and owns property that is treated as inventory (not a capital asset) in her business. She contributed a parcel of this land (basis $60,000; fair market value $58,000) to a partnership, which ill also hold it as inventory. After three years, the partnership sells the land for $56,000. The partnership will recognize a $4,000 ordinary loss on sale of the property. ANS:T Since the property was not a capital asset in Julie’s hands, the partnership is not subject to the requirement that precontribution losses (realized and recog nized by the partnership within five years of contribution) be treated as capital losses. Example 16 7. The XYZ Partnership, a calendar year taxpayer, was formed on April 1 of the current year. It incurred $23,000 of legal fees on formation. XYZ may deduct $5,000 and amortize the remaining $18,000 over 180 months, for $900 in the current year. ANS:T All organization costs incurred by the end of the first taxable year of the partnership may be expensed (up to $5,000) and the balance amortized over 180 months commencing with the month the taxpayer begins business. PTS:1REF:Example 18 8. PaulCo, DavidCo, and Ralph form a partnership with cash contributions of $80,000, $50,000 and $30,000, respectively, and agree to share profits and losses in the ratio of their original cash contributions. PaulCo uses a January 31 fiscal year-end, while DavidCo and Ralph use a November 30 and December 31 fiscal year-end, respectively. Since PaulCo is a majority partner, this partnership will use a January 31 year-end. ANS:F The partnership has no majority partners, since PaulCo does not own more than 50%. Also, the three principal partners do not have the same year-end. Therefore, the least aggregate deferral method must be used to determine the partnership’s year-end. PTS:1REF:Figure 21-2 9. Meagan purchased her partnership interest from Lisa on the first day of the current year for $30,000 cash.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Free Essays on Causes Of Teen Alcoholism

Speech: Causes of alcoholism among teenagers Today I am going to be talking about the causes of alcoholism among teenagers. Why do teenagers drink alcohol? Why do they get drunk when they go to pubs? All of us have been very well informed about the adverse psychological and physical effects alcoholism may have on ourselves and to our peers. I am not here to discuss about these effects, but instead to point out the underlying causes of alcoholism among teenagers. What makes teenagers dependent on drink or in some cases addicted to drink? Researches have categorized these causes into three main categories: social, psychological and biological. Out of which I’ll point out the social and psychological factors of alcoholism. Everyone wants to be popular and â€Å"cool† and be accepted by people, it is a basic human need. Nobody wants to be left alone or isolated, or be called as a â€Å"loser†. Among teenage circles, alcoholism symbolizes unity, friendship and sociability. And it is a mean by which teenagers can quench their thirst for acceptance by a group. Teenagers go through a difficult time of rebellion, one of the characteristics of adolescence. We all have frequent arguments and little petty fights with our parents. This truly expresses our general rejection of conventional adult standards. This is another cause of alcohol use and possible abuse youths. The third cause is a symbol of aggressive and masculine behaviour. As we all know, it is more commonly found in boys. Teenagers like to create their sense of power and authority for themselves, by being able to outdo the next person in drinking competitions. Such competitiveness is conducive to an abusive drinking style. Teenagers find themselves in a stage between childhood and adulthood. Teenagers try to imitate others and want others to recognize them as adults. There is a belief among teenagers that drinking symbolizes adult status, and therefore b... Free Essays on Causes Of Teen Alcoholism Free Essays on Causes Of Teen Alcoholism Speech: Causes of alcoholism among teenagers Today I am going to be talking about the causes of alcoholism among teenagers. Why do teenagers drink alcohol? Why do they get drunk when they go to pubs? All of us have been very well informed about the adverse psychological and physical effects alcoholism may have on ourselves and to our peers. I am not here to discuss about these effects, but instead to point out the underlying causes of alcoholism among teenagers. What makes teenagers dependent on drink or in some cases addicted to drink? Researches have categorized these causes into three main categories: social, psychological and biological. Out of which I’ll point out the social and psychological factors of alcoholism. Everyone wants to be popular and â€Å"cool† and be accepted by people, it is a basic human need. Nobody wants to be left alone or isolated, or be called as a â€Å"loser†. Among teenage circles, alcoholism symbolizes unity, friendship and sociability. And it is a mean by which teenagers can quench their thirst for acceptance by a group. Teenagers go through a difficult time of rebellion, one of the characteristics of adolescence. We all have frequent arguments and little petty fights with our parents. This truly expresses our general rejection of conventional adult standards. This is another cause of alcohol use and possible abuse youths. The third cause is a symbol of aggressive and masculine behaviour. As we all know, it is more commonly found in boys. Teenagers like to create their sense of power and authority for themselves, by being able to outdo the next person in drinking competitions. Such competitiveness is conducive to an abusive drinking style. Teenagers find themselves in a stage between childhood and adulthood. Teenagers try to imitate others and want others to recognize them as adults. There is a belief among teenagers that drinking symbolizes adult status, and therefore b...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Fualole's Song Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fualole's Song - Essay Example I joined the military at the age of eighteen and also had my first baby at that young age. These two events I think of as my first steps to growing up. Before then, I worked in McDonald's. Everybody sees the yellow arch, the red and yellow surroundings, the fast food and maybe the smile but not the person who works there. I might just have been anyone saying "Enjoy your meal" or "Have a nice day." I was, and still am, bubbly, friendly and outgoing, but wanted and needed more. My family could not afford to send me to college, but I wanted to extend myself, to learn more, to find out what I could achieve and who I was. But at that time, my life was fun, I was a kid. I saw the army as an opportunity to do something better. Early experiences of army life were a whole other world, one in which perfection and discipline ruled. Beds with sheets like fresh fallen snow, boots black and shining as tar. Obedience to rules, aching limbs and heavy backpacks, the tools that built physical and mental strength. Best of all was the sense of belonging, the teamwork and the realization that what I did mattered to others, my contribution was valued by my officers, company, division, regiment and country. In a short space of time, I was achieving a wider But even these exciting discoveries could not compare to giving birth to my beautiful baby. If blood, sweat and tears were put together, then that goes a little way to explaining the experience. The tears were of joy, at such an accomplishment, at creating a life. Labor was nothing anyone could have prepared me for - the pain, volcanic at times, pushing and forcing me towards the hope of a prize. At eighteen years old, I had my first understanding of the meaning of unconditional love, the beginning of mature responsibility. Nothing since has ever quite matched that experience, which made me more aware of the cycle of life and also, how important it was for me to try to be the best for somebody I loved, who depended on me. A squally scrap of humanity captured my heart and opened my mind. It was no longer just about me, I had to sing a different tune now. In reflecting on myself, I looked at how I was before I took steps to better myself. Even as a young person, I worked hard and did my best in my job. I saw that I also liked to play hard, have fun with my friends, maybe argue with my parents, and in truth, I did not care too much, so long as I had the money to enjoy myself and not to worry about responsibilities. I did not look further than having fun and getting along with everyone. At the same time, I was becoming more aware that I could maybe do better. I knew I was good with people, could always empathize and communicate and that I had a strong will and values around hard work and striving to improve. These parts of me made me search for a way to grow and better myself in life, while searching for independence. They are what made me join the military, which as I said earlier, moved me a little further along the road to becoming a mature and independent woman, not a thoughtless girl, just drifting through life. Now I believe, I have reached that maturity and independence. I think for myself, I

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Information Technology 1-4D Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Information Technology 1-4D - Essay Example This paper will serve to address four separate questions in regards to technology and modern society, with a careful look into how the use of technology is reflected in our day to day lives. Keywords: technology, day to day lives, Web 2.0, Mark Kennedy, data mining, data collection, decision making process, change, change management, organizational skills, management Information Systems D1-4 1. Mark Kennedy said, â€Å"All of the biggest technological inventions created by man – the airplane, the automobile, the computer – say a little about his intelligence, but speak volumes about his laziness.† What do you think of this quote? Do you agree? Why? Mark Kennedy stated that â€Å"all of the biggest technological inventions created by man – the airplane, the automobile, the computer – say a little about his intelligence, but speak volumes about his laziness† and I could not agree more. While the technologies themselves have been innovative and work to show the different ways that humans are able to take a look at what is available and adapt it to a different use, it is only the generations who are already aware of the original way of doing things that are benefiting from the technology itself. The generations that grow up with the technology already set firmly in place are made lazy and, to a degree, stupid by that same technology (Shaw, 2010). Society has become more and more dependent on technology, to a degree that many members often lack the willingness to think before acting, and as a result of current technologies have become impatient in regards to how quickly information is available (Patil, 2013). While technologies offer many different benefits, and technology is the mother of invention, the current technologies have far more drawbacks than they do rewards. Patil, P. (2013). Technological advancements and its impact on humanity. Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu/346486/Technological_Advancements_and_Its_Imp act_on_Humanity Shaw, S. (2010, September 16). dependence comes with technology. Retrieved from http://www.unlvrebelyell.com/2010/09/16/dependence-comes-with-technology/ 2. Textbooks define Web 2.0 as â€Å"the 2nd generation of the Web, which focuses on online collaboration, users as both creators and modifiers of content, dynamic and customized information feeds, and many other engaging web-based services.† How can these Web 2.0 tools help businesses to gain a competitive advantage? There are a large variety of different products and services associated with Web 2.0 that assist businesses in gaining a competitive advantage. If these technologies, including but not limited to, blogs, wikis, podcasts, mashups, social networks, and RSS filters, are properly deployed, they may allow companies to increase their productivity and competitive advantage in a cost effective manner (Andriole, 2010). IBM performed a study in 2005 which looked into how much Web 2.0 could truly affect co mpetitive advantage, and it showed that a sustainable competitive advantage resulted from continual innovation, increased productivity and transformation and employee learning as a result of the positive application of Web 2.0 tools (Graham & Jones, 2011). Andriole, S. J. (2010). Business Impact of Web 2.0 Technologies. Communications Of The ACM, 53(12), 67-79. doi:10.1145/1859204.1859225 Graham, M. & Jones, N. (2011). IMPROVING BUSINESS PERFORMANCE WITH WEB 2.0 TECHNOLOGIES. Journal Of Business Excellence, 2(1), 12-17. 3. As we live our everyday lives, data is collected from us, sometimes without our consent and often without our knowledge. A personal profile could be compiled from disparate sources. What’s your opinion about the secondary use of personal data for data profiling? It is my opinion that while there are other, secondary uses of personal data for data profiling that may be beneficial, such as the use of data by local and national governments to increase transpar ency in the governmental process and democratize the exchange of

Monday, November 18, 2019

Support Assessment for Learning Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Support Assessment for Learning - Coursework Example The assessment for learning should provide feedback to ensure the pupils identify personal improvement. The assessment must also encourage confidence for future improvement in comparison to the previous achievement1. Both the teacher and the student must be offered a platform for reflection on the pupil’s performance. Therefore, an assessment for learning must be a conclusive process with the ability to recognize, motivate and develop self-esteem of the pupil. The characters listed above are vital in the assessment of learning because they are the core values of the assessment for learning concept. Assessment must be employed by the staff to support the learning process. The staff must ensure that the assessment follow and fulfil the curriculum. The process ensures that learners experience is relevant, engaging and motivating with the assessment support learning. The teachers must ensure that the assessment has high-quality interactions and feedback encouraging transition on t o the next steps of learning. The pupils must understand clearly the kind ad quality work essential for success to be achieved together with the agreed outcomes2. Assessment for the young involves dialogue between the learners and the staff. The dialogue must be based on the thoughtful probing focusing on key points of learning. Assessment includes the use of dialogues, activities and tasks that encourage interaction with the learners. The interaction must challenge them and build on the learning achieved to date. In addition, the use of discussion will encourage the development of confidence in communicating and thinking about learning. Despite encouraging participation, the assessment for learning must support the individual learning process. Individual learners should seek and receive accurate and developmental feedback on what has been learnt and the extent of learning. Personal strengths and weakness must be discussed with the teachers in relation of the strengths of the work p resented. The evaluation of personal learning process will ensure the assessment or learning is comprehensive and effective. The learners should be engaged fully in their learning3. The learners must collaborate during planning, shaping and reviewing of the progress. The review of the process includes; shaping of their learning, agreeing, and establishing targets. The staff should provide regular oral and written feedback on the pupils work whilst discussing the strengths and areas of improvement in the process. They must work with their peers offering comments on the progress. The approach in assessment will promote learner engagement while encouraging learners to be independent in the learning process. The success of the assessment learning support depends on the ability to integrate, motivate, inspire and lead the learner to personal learning which ensures self-esteem and confidence. The development of effective learning support assessment depends on contributions from learners, teachers and the support staff4. In addressing the various issues, in assessment support learning, the paper will evaluate the participation and role of individuals in the process and establish effective approach strategy. Characteristics of assessment for learning Assessment for learning has several characteristics that are important for success. The assessment must reflect and share the learning goals with pupils. The sharing of the goals with the pupil ensures that the objective and outcomes

Friday, November 15, 2019

The Liberal International Economic Order Economics Essay

The Liberal International Economic Order Economics Essay The issues of the environment were not in the minds of the framers of the Liberal International Economic order (LIEO) when they met together at Bretton woods towards the end of World War II. LIEO was focused on promoting peace after the post war and destroy the economic competition that was destructive to the relationship between the countries of the world. LIEO is the key to future stability, peace and security globally. Right after the end of the Second World War, the World Bank creation, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the International Monetary Fund established the foundations for the organization of a liberal trading order. These institutions promoted the state sponsored dedication to markets and ensured economic prosperities to the developing nations. Governments realized that liberal trading arrangements and efficiency of the market are essential prerequisites to realize the potential for the economic, political and social progress after Second World War. The expansion of the liberal trading order, the strength of the free market and the freeing of capital from domestic restrictions which was visualized by the framers of the Bretton Woods Institution took precedence over the provision of social development and on account of this people were left with the false promise that the efficiency in and of itself would produce political, social and environmental progress. Therefore even if the initial purpose was achieved, the numerous multilateral organizations created for the purpose of promoting a new LIEO has also created negative impacts. They have been instrumental in making the Governments exerting strong influence often with considerable but not with all the features of a centrally planned economy which is very much essential for the progress of a country. Therefore, the Governments must ensure that their actions do not affect the purpose of the Liberal International Economic order (LIEO). The United States of course played a vital role in the development of Liberal International Economic order (LIEO) the reason being as a dominant economy, it carried the primary burden of military defense for the entire free globe and it opened its huge market to foreign competition and free trade and it was able to and willing to carry on the burden of free trade as it was a powerful and rich country. At this point of time, the United States made the dollar a universally accepted parallel currency by fixing a relationship between the gold and the dollar and committed to exchanging at any point of time these two units. Therefore I believe that this regime could not have been developed without the influence of hegemony such as the United States. I do believe that the decline in United States influence signals a threat to the LIEOs continued existence because the United States was no longer considered the dominant economic power as before. This might prove a threat to the LIEOs existence as they mostly depend upon the United States as they do not have sufficient resources and most of the time the expertise they required and funded or supplied by the United States. There is a considerable loss of the dominance of dollar which signals a threat to the LIEOs existence because they were solely dependent on the currency of the United States for their functioning. The breakdown of hegemonic stability theory, collective goods, and free riders are as follows: Hegemonic stability theory: Identical to the materialization of hegemony, when a single nation rise to hold military and economical powers in a given situation along with the formation of international economic stability based on liberal principles which is a mixture of liberalism and mercantilism which paves the way for the elimination of fears is called as the theory of Hegemonic stability. Here, the mercantilists and realists hold common views that the key to global economic order is the balancing of power among competing state actors. Collective goods: Everyone has equal chances of deriving benefits in the case of collective goods. Irrespective of a persons contribution in the case of service or taxes in the military, national security is a collective good from which everyone within a country benefits. The majority of economists view an open international economy as a collective good. Free riders: Those who make the fullest use and exploit a common good are called as free riders. Imposition of trade restrictions by a nation and getting away from the negative impacts and thereafter deriving the maximum benefits from the free trade policies prevailing in other nations takes place with regard to free riders, But nevertheless, without rules and someone to enforce the rules, the cooperation required to maintain a common good is tedious to achieve. 7. International trade has contributed to the economic development throughout the industrialized world and blended the cultures and traditions of different countries together and contributed to the cooperation among different countries with regard to sharing of resources though exports and imports which helped to maintain a positive equilibrium. Even though the world trade is increasing at a faster pace and it is favorable according to the world trade economists, it still has its own negative sides after the global economic crisis that hit the world in 2008. The global economy suffered severe losses and it paved the way for unemployment which increased drastically throughout the world for the past two years. In spite of all these setbacks, the rules and principles of world trade organization have assisted governments in keeping the markets open is provided for the world trade as there is some considerable improvement in world trade. An economic policy which is meant to favor domestic producers of services and goods is called protectionism. I read an article the other day by David Leonhardt of the NYtimes which fundamentally proposed the idea that China has adopted the biggest policy of protectionism since the World War II by intervention and manipulation of the foreign exchange markets and by following strict measures of protectionism creating negative impact for itself and countries like the United States (David Leonhardt, 2010). When a nation is having protectionist policies, producers are protected against competition from the foreign firms with the help of import restrictions where as free trade is a policy where commodities are allowed to cross borders or boundaries without restrictions. The reason behind why some governments favor protectionism is, as soon as foreign commodities are made available in the domestic market, the domestic industries suffer heavy losses because the foreign goods are available at cheap prices or the producers who export commodities to other countries are able to keep costs low due to the subsidies of the foreign government. Therefore the governments hold the views that it can increase the demand and market for the domestic goods by closing the market to foreign producers and marketers and by imposing strict quotas and import tariffs so that the domestic economic situation doesnt get bad and derives maximum benefit. Even though protectionism is intended for protecting domestic companies, this is not always the case. There is also a darker side: companies will tend to use the old technologies and they will seldom take any initiatives to produce innovative products and there is no spirit of good competition. Countries that go by protectionism are often faced by export barriers or restrictions from other countries who give the same response to countries that go by protectionism. Inflation of prices for prices and commodities takes place and the domestic compani es may start fleecing the consumers by fixing their own prices when there are no foreign competitors. In order to maintain a balance of trade surplus, a country can make exports to the foreign sector which exceeds imports from there and a balance of trade surplus takes place for a country if its domestic economy produces commodities which are in high demand by other countries and purchased by foreign countries enabling the country to increase its exports, the value of which is greater than the value of imports produced by the foreign countries. Therefore a country must ensure that its makes maximum use of its own resources and after catering to its own need must ensure that there is no wastage and should find out the potential market abroad where there is high demand for its commodities which are lying in surplus. For example, Brazil is the colossal producer of coffee in the world and after catering to its own need in a substantial manner, it exports the rest to foreign countries thereby creating a favorable method to maintain balance of trade surplus. It has the capability of export ing huge quantity of coffee seeds which surpasses all other imports which will help it to maintain balance of trade surplus. The balance of payment imbalances needs to get cleared by the succeeding suitable methods for the purpose of maintaining a consistent balance of trade surplus. By making imports cheaper, the exports of a nation could be less competitive. This usually ends up in correcting the surplus of a current account which is also helped by the upward shift in the currency value of a nation. With the help of an agreement between the nations to fix their rates of exchange against each other, any disproportion that is taking place by rules based and changes in exchange rates which are negotiated could be sorted out. Fixed adjusting rates of exchange rates which is the systems of Bretton Woods is a crucial example of a rules based system. When a country adopts a regime of policy which centralizes currency decisions in the hands of a central government by controlling the movement of capital, discouraging imports and encouraging exports, such a policy is called as neomercantilism. Allowing more effective fiscal and monetary policy by increasing the level of foreign reserves is the goal of the policies of neomercantilsm. This is believed to provide greater control and autonomy to the government. Japan and Germany have been believed to have derived the maximum advantages of the neomercantilist trade policies. Most of the nations of the world always believe that the trade policies of neomercantalism always work for them and fail to notice its negative side. When every country starts following the neomercantilist trade policies, they discourage imports and start concentrating only on exporting. A nation definitely has the need to encourage imports when it is crucial for the welfare of the country and if majority of the nati ons follow this policy, the rest of the countries will follow the same and when they cut down imports, they are discouraging and preventing the other countries to export. The countries which follow this policy should observe the comparative advantages of both export and import. The way in which value can be created by trade for both parties even when one could produce all goods with fewer resources than the other is highlighted by comparative advantage. This encourages for the occurrence of gains of trade which can be beneficial to both the parties that is the country which exports its commodities to another country and the country which imports the commodities exported by the other country. Rationalization of neomercantilist trade policies is possible when there is cooperation among the countries involved in international trade. Developing countries need to participate more vigorously in trade negotiations during trade agreements with mutual trust and confidence with other nations.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

college essay :: essays research papers

College will be a major change for me; in all likelihood, it will probably be the most significant transformation I will experience. It will be a time of growth and learning. In order to adapt to these many changes I hope to mature both emotionally and educationally. In doing so, I will influence those around me and the community as a whole. I anticipate that my life experiences will prove to be valuable to me and to those I come into contact with.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   I have had many challenges to overcome thus far. I’ve had problems with my school work, but most significantly, problems with myself. I have made many wrong decisions and I have had trouble realizing what is important to me in the past. I now know what steps I need to take in order to become a better person and to stay on the right path that I have chosen. I hope to continue this pattern of maturation by accomplishing my goal of academic excellence while attending New Jersey City University. I have already promised myself that I will not participate in any activity that will lead me astray morally or academically. I am very good at meeting all of the challenges that I have to meet. I have already begun to take an initive on guiding myself in the right direction, by taking my school work seriously, looking for a job that would benefit my major, and working harder to make my self happy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I am interested in majoring in Media Arts at New Jersey City University. I am taking a Media Arts curse in High School now and I am really interested in the aspects that go on in the field of Media. I like the wide verity of oppurtunities someone can get with an education in Media Arts. A major thing that attracted me to your university was your great school on Media. I also took a tour of your campus and feel in love at first site. I am currently participating in my high school peer ministry program. Which is a program in our school that gives specially selected seniors an opportunity to show their leadership skills to the incoming freshman by giving them an opportunity to be comfortable at St. Mary High School. I stay active by playing sports such as basketball, baseball, & bowling. I’m also interested in music.